Reactive Diluents Market (2024 - 2030) Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Aliphatic, Aromatic, Cycloaliphatic), By Application (Paints & Coatings, Composites, Adhesives & Sealants), By Region, And Segment Forecasts

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
                    1.1. Market Segmentation & Scope
                    1.2. Market Definition
                    1.3. Information Procurement
                        1.3.1. Purchased Database
                        1.3.2. GVR’s Internal Database
                        1.3.3. Secondary Sources & Third-Party Perspectives
                        1.3.4. Primary Research
                    1.4. Information Analysis
                        1.4.1. Data Analysis Models
                    1.5. Market Formulation & Data Visualization
                    1.6. Data Validation & Publishing
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
                    2.1. Market Snapshot
                    2.2. Segment Snapshot
                    2.3. Competitive Landscape Snapshot
Chapter 3. Reactive Diluents Market Variables, Trends & Scope
                    3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
                    3.2. Industry Value Chain Analysis
                        3.2.1. Technological Overview
                        3.2.2. Distribution Channel Analysis
                    3.3. Regulatory Framework
                    3.4. Market Dynamics
                        3.4.1. Market Driver Analysis
                        3.4.2. Market Restraint Analysis
                        3.4.3. Industry Challenges
                        3.4.4. Industry Opportunities
                    3.5. Industry Analysis Tools
                        3.5.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
                        3.5.2. Macro-environmental Analysis
Chapter 4. Reactive Diluents Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    4.1. Product Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2023 & 2030
                    4.2. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, By Product, 2018 to 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    4.3. Aliphatic
                        4.3.1. Aliphatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    4.4. Aromatic
                        4.4.1. Aromatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    4.5. Cycloaliphatic
                        4.5.1. Cycloaliphatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Chapter 5. Reactive Diluents Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    5.1. Application Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2023 & 2030
                    5.2. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, By Application, 2018 to 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    5.3. Paints & Coatings
                        5.3.1. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, in Paints & Coatings, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    5.4. Composites
                        5.4.1. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, in Composites, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    5.5. Adhesives & Sealants
                        5.5.1. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, in Adhesives & Sealants, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    5.6. Other Applications
                        5.6.1. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates and Forecasts, in Other Applications, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Chapter 6. Reactive Diluents Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    6.1. Regional Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2023 & 2030
                    6.2. North America
                        6.2.1. North America Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.2.2. U.S.
                            6.2.2.1. Key country dynamics
                            6.2.2.2. U.S. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.2.3. Canada
                            6.2.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.2.3.2. Canada Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.2.4. Mexico
                            6.2.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.2.4.2. Mexico Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    6.3. Europe
                        6.3.1. Europe Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.3.2. Germany
                            6.3.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.3.2.2. Germany Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.3.3. UK
                            6.3.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.3.3.2. UK Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.3.4. France
                            6.3.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.3.4.2. France Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.3.5. Italy
                            6.3.5.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.3.5.2. Italy Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.3.6. Spain
                            6.3.6.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.3.6.2. Spain Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    6.4. Asia Pacific
                        6.4.1. Asia Pacific Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.4.2. China
                            6.4.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.4.2.2. China Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.4.3. Japan
                            6.4.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.4.3.2. Japan Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.4.4. India
                            6.4.4.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.4.4.2. India Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.4.5. South Korea
                            6.4.5.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.4.5.2. South Korea Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    6.5. Central & South America
                        6.5.1. Central & South America Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.5.2. Brazil
                            6.5.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.5.2.2. Brazil Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.5.3. Argentina
                            6.5.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.5.3.2. Argentina Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                    6.6. Middle East & Africa
                        6.6.1. Middle East & Africa Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.6.2. Saudi Arabia
                            6.6.2.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.6.2.2. Saudi Arabia Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
                        6.6.3. South Africa
                            6.6.3.1. Key Country Dynamics
                            6.6.3.2. South Africa Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Chapter 7. Reactive Diluents Market - Competitive Landscape
                    7.1. Recent Developments & Impact Analysis, By Key Market Participants
                    7.2. Company Categorization
                    7.3. Company Market Share/Position Analysis, 2023
                    7.4. Company Heat Map Analysis
                    7.5. Strategy Mapping
                        7.5.1. Expansion
                        7.5.2. Mergers & Acquisition
                        7.5.3. Partnerships & Collaborations
                        7.5.4. New Application Launches
                        7.5.5. Research And Development
                    7.6. Company Profiles
                        7.6.1. SACHEM, Inc.
                            7.6.1.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.1.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.1.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.1.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.2. Olin Corporation
                            7.6.2.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.2.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.2.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.2.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.3. Grasim Industries Limited
                            7.6.3.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.3.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.3.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.3.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.4. Cargill, Incorporated
                            7.6.4.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.4.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.4.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.4.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.5. Cardolite Corporation
                            7.6.5.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.5.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.5.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.5.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.6. Evonik Industries AG
                            7.6.6.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.6.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.6.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.6.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.7. Guangdong Haohui New Material Co., Ltd.
                            7.6.7.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.7.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.7.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.7.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.8. Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
                            7.6.8.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.8.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.8.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.8.4. Recent developments
                        7.6.9. Mitsubishi Chemical Group Corporation
                            7.6.9.1. Participant’s overview
                            7.6.9.2. Financial performance
                            7.6.9.3. Application benchmarking
                            7.6.9.4. Recent developments

List of Tables

Table 1 List of abbreviation
Table 2 Reactive Diluents resin market 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 3 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by product, 2018 - 2030
Table 4 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 5 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by application, 2018 - 2030
Table 6 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 7 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by regions, 2018 - 2030
Table 8 Global reactive diluents market estimates and forecasts by region, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 9 North America reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 10 North America reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 11 North America reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 12 North America reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 13 U.S. reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 14 U.S. reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 15 U.S. reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 16 U.S. reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 17 Canada reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 18 Canada reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 19 Canada reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 20 Canada reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 21 Mexico reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 22 Mexico reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 23 Mexico reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 24 Mexico reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 25 Europe reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 26 Europe reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 27 Europe reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 28 Europe reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 29 Germany reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 30 Germany reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 31 Germany reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 32 Germany reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 33 UK reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 34 UK reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 35 UK reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 36 UK reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 37 France reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 38 France reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 39 France reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 40 France reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 41 Italy reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 42 Italy reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 43 Italy reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 44 Italy reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 45 Spain reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 46 Spain reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 47 Spain reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 48 Spain reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 49 Asia Pacific reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 50 Asia Pacific reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 51 Asia Pacific reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 52 Asia Pacific reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 53 China reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 54 China reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 55 China reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 56 China reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 57 India reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 58 India reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 59 India reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 60 India reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 61 Japan reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 62 Japan reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 63 Japan reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 64 Japan reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 65 South Korea reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 66 South Korea reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 67 South Korea reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 68 South Korea reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 69 Central & South America reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 70 Central & South America reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 71 Central & South America reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 72 Central & South America reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 73 Brazil reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 74 Brazil reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 75 Brazil reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 76 Brazil reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 77 Argentina reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 78 Argentina reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 79 Argentina reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 80 Argentina reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 81 Middle East & Africa reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030
Table 82 Middle East & Africa reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 83 Middle East & Africa reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 84 Middle East & Africa reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 85 Saudi Arabia reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 86 Saudi Arabia reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 87 Saudi Arabia reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 88 Saudi Arabia reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 89 South Africa reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 90 South Africa reactive diluents market by product, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 91 South Africa reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Table 92 South Africa reactive diluents market by application, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)

List of Figures

Fig. 1 Market research end-use
Fig. 2 Data triangulation techniques
Fig. 3 Primary research pattern
Fig. 4 Market research approaches
Fig. 5 QFD modeling for market share assessment
Fig. 6 Information Textile
Fig. 7 Market Formulation and Validation
Fig. 8 Data Validating & Publishing
Fig. 9 Market Segmentation & Scope
Fig. 10 Reactive Diluents Market Snapshot
Fig. 11 Segment Snapshot (1/2)
Fig. 12 Segment Snapshot (2/2)
Fig. 13 Competitive Landscape Snapshot
Fig. 14 Potting Compound market outlook
Fig. 15 Reactive Diluents Market Value, 2023 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 16 Reactive Diluents Market - Value Chain Analysis
Fig. 17 Reactive Diluents Market - Market Dynamics
Fig. 18 Reactive Diluents Market - PORTER’s Analysis
Fig. 19 Reactive Diluents Market - PESTEL Analysis
Fig. 20 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Product: Key Takeaways
Fig. 21 Reactive Diluents Market Share, By Product, 2023 & 2030
Fig. 22 Aliphatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 23 Aromatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 24 Cycloaliphatic Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 25 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, By Application: Key Takeaways
Fig. 26 Reactive Diluents Market Share, By Application, 2023 & 2030
Fig. 27 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, in Paints & Coatings, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 28 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, in Composites, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 29 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, in Adhesives & Sealants, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 30 Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, in Other Applications, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 31 Reactive Diluents Market Revenue, By Region, 2023 & 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 32 North America Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 33 U.S. Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 34 Canada Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 35 Mexico Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 36 Europe Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 37 Germany Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 38 UK Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 39 France Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 40 Italy Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 41 Spain Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 42 Asia Pacific Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 43 China Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 44 India Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 45 Japan Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 46 South Korea Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 47 Central & South America Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 48 Brazil Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 49 Argentina Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 50 Middle East & Africa Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 51 Saudi Arabia Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 52 South Africa Reactive Diluents Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (Kiloton) (USD Million)
Fig. 53 Key Company Categorization
Fig. 54 Company Market Positioning
Fig. 55 Key Company Market Share Analysis, 2023
Fig. 56 Strategy Mapping