Tobacco Market (2026 - 2033) Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Smokeless Tobacco, Cigarettes, Cigars & Cigarillos), By Distribution Channel (Supermarket/Hypermarket, Convenience Stores), By Region, And Segment Forecasts

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
                    1.1. Market Segmentation & Scope
                    1.2. Market Definition
                    1.3. Information Procurement
                        1.3.1. Purchased Database
                        1.3.2. GVR’s Internal Database
                        1.3.3. Secondary Sources & Third-Party Perspectives
                        1.3.4. Primary Research
                    1.4. Information Analysis
                        1.4.1. Data Analysis Models
                    1.5. Market Flavor & Data Visualization
                    1.6. Data Validation & Publishing
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
                    2.1. Market Outlook
                    2.2. Product Outlook
                    2.3. Distribution Channel Outlook
                    2.4. Regional Outlook
Chapter 3. Tobacco Market Variables, Trends & Scope
                    3.1. Market Introduction
                    3.2. Penetration and Growth Prospect Mapping
                    3.3. Industry Value Chain Analysis
                        3.3.1. Sales/Retail Channel Analysis
                    3.4. Market Dynamics
                        3.4.1. Market Driver Analysis
                        3.4.2. Market Restraint Analysis
                        3.4.3. Industry Challenges
                        3.4.4. Industry Opportunities
                    3.5. Business Environment Analysis
                        3.5.1. Industry Analysis - Porter’s
                    3.6. Market Entry Strategies
Chapter 4. Consumer Behavior Analysis
                    4.1. Consumer Trends and Preferences
                    4.2. Factors Affecting Buying Decision
                    4.3. Consumer Flavor Adoption
                    4.4. Observations & Recommendations
Chapter 5. Tobacco Market: Product Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    5.1. Tobacco Market, by product: Key Takeaways
                    5.2. Product Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2025 & 2033
                    5.3. Smokeless Tobacco
                        5.3.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    5.4. Cigarettes
                        5.4.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    5.5. Cigars & Cigarillos
                        5.5.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    5.6. Next Generation Products
                        5.6.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    5.7. Others
                        5.7.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
Chapter 6. Tobacco Market: Distribution Channel Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    6.1. Tobacco Market, by Distribution Channel: Key Takeaways
                    6.2. Distribution Channel Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2025 & 2033
                    6.3. Supermarket/Hypermarket
                        6.3.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    6.4. Convenience Stores
                        6.4.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    6.5. Tobacco Shops
                        6.5.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    6.6. Online
                        6.6.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    6.7. Others
                        6.7.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
Chapter 7. Tobacco Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
                    7.1. Regional Movement Analysis & Market Share, 2025 & 2033
                    7.2. North America
                        7.2.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.2.2. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.2.3. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.2.4. U.S.
                            7.2.4.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.2.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.4.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.2.5. Canada
                            7.2.5.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.2.5.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.5.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.5.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.2.6. Mexico
                            7.2.6.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.2.6.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.6.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.2.6.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    7.3. Europe
                        7.3.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.2. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.3. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.4. UK
                            7.3.4.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.4.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.5. Germany
                            7.3.5.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.5.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.5.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.5.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.6. France
                            7.3.6.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.6.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.6.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.6.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.7. Italy
                            7.3.7.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.7.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.7.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.7.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.8. Spain
                            7.3.8.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.8.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.8.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.8.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.9. Bulgaria
                            7.3.9.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.9.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.9.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.9.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.3.10. Scandinavia
                            7.3.10.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.3.10.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.10.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.3.10.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    7.4. Asia Pacific
                        7.4.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.4. China
                            7.4.4.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.4.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.4.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.5. India
                            7.4.5.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.4.5.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.5.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.5.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.6. Japan
                            7.4.6.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.4.6.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.6.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.6.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.7. Indonesia
                            7.4.7.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.4.7.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.7.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.7.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.4.8. Malaysia
                            7.4.8.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.4.8.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.8.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.4.8.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    7.5. Central & South America
                        7.5.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.5.2. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.5.3. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.5.4. Brazil
                            7.5.4.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.5.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.5.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.5.4.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                    7.6. Middle East & Africa
                        7.6.1. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.6.2. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.6.3. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.6.4. UAE
                            7.6.4.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.6.4.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.4.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.4.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.6.5. South Africa
                            7.6.5.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.6.5.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.5.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.5.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                        7.6.6. Egypt
                            7.6.6.1. Key country dynamics
                            7.6.6.2. Market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.6.3. Market estimates and forecast, by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
                            7.6.6.4. Market estimates and forecast, by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
Chapter 8. Competitive Analysis
                    8.1. Recent developments & impact analysis, by key market participants
                    8.2. Company Categorization
                    8.3. Participant’s Overview
                    8.4. Financial Performance
                    8.5. Product Portfolios
                    8.6. Company Market Share Analysis, 2025 (%)
                    8.7. Company Heat Map Analysis
                    8.8. Strategy Mapping
                    8.9. Company Profiles
                        8.9.1. Scandinavian Tobacco Group A/S
                            8.9.1.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.1.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.1.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.2. Swedish Match AB
                            8.9.2.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.2.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.2.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.2.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.3. Altria Group, Inc.
                            8.9.3.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.3.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.3.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.3.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.4. KT&G Corp.
                            8.9.4.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.4.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.4.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.4.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.5. Imperial Brands
                            8.9.5.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.5.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.5.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.5.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.6. Philip Morris Products S.A.
                            8.9.6.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.6.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.6.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.6.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.7. British American Tobacco
                            8.9.7.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.7.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.7.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.7.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.8. Japan Tobacco Inc.
                            8.9.8.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.8.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.8.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.8.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.9. China Tobacco
                            8.9.9.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.9.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.9.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.9.4. Strategic Initiatives
                        8.9.10. ITC Ltd.
                            8.9.10.1. Company Overview
                            8.9.10.2. Financial Performance
                            8.9.10.3. Product Portfolios
                            8.9.10.4. Strategic Initiatives

List of Tables

1. Global tobacco market - Key market driver analysis
2. Global tobacco market - Key market restraint analysis
3. Global tobacco market estimates and forecast by product, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
4. Global tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
5. Global tobacco market revenue estimates and forecast by region, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
6. North America tobacco market revenue estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
7. U.S. macro-economic outlay
8. U.S. tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
9. U.S. tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
10. U.S. tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
11. Canada macro-economic outlay
12. Canada tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
13. Canada tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
14. Canada tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
15. Mexico macro-economic outlay
16. Mexico tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
17. Mexico tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
18. Mexico tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
19. Europe tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
20. UK macro-economic outlay
21. UK tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
22. UK tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
23. UK tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
24. Germany macro-economic outlay
25. Germany tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
26. Germany tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
27. Germany tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
28. France macro-economic outlay
29. France tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
30. France tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
31. France tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
32. Italy macro-economic outlay
33. Italy tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
34. Italy tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
35. Italy tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
36. Spain macro-economic outlay
37. Spain tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
38. Spain tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
39. Spain tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
40. Bulgaria macro-economic outlay
41. Bulgaria tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
42. Bulgaria tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
43. Bulgaria tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
44. Scandinavia macro-economic outlay
45. Scandinavia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
46. Scandinavia tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
47. Scandinavia tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
48. Asia Pacific tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
49. China macro-economic outlay
50. China tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
51. China tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
52. China tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
53. Japan macro-economic outlay
54. Japan tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
55. Japan tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
56. Japan tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
57. India macro-economic outlay
58. India tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
59. India tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
60. India tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
61. Indonesia macro-economic outlay
62. Indonesia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
63. Indonesia tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
64. Indonesia tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
65. Malaysia macro-economic outlay
66. Malaysia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
67. Malaysia tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
68. Malaysia tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
69. Central & South America tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
70. Brazil macro-economic outlay
71. Brazil tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
72. Brazil tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
73. Brazil tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
74. Middle East & Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
75. UAE macro-economic outlay
76. UAE tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
77. UAE tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
78. UAE tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
79. South Africa macro-economic outlay
80. South Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
81. South Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
82. South Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
83. Egypt macro-economic outlay
84. Egypt tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
85. Egypt tobacco market estimates and forecast by product 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
86. Egypt tobacco market estimates and forecast by distribution channel 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
87. Company market share analysis, 2025

List of Figures

1. Tobacco market snapshot
2. Tobacco market segmentation & scope
3. Tobacco market penetration & growth prospect mapping
4. Tobacco market value chain analysis
5. Tobacco market dynamics
6. Tobacco market Porter's Five Forces analysis
7. Tobacco market: Product movement analysis, 2025 & 2033 (%)
8. Smokeless market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
9. Cigarettes market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
10. Cigars & Cigarillos market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
11. Next Generation Products market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
12. Others market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
13. Tobacco market: Distribution channel movement analysis, 2025 & 2033 (%)
14. Tobacco market estimates and forecast, through supermarket/hypermarket, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
15. Tobacco market estimates and forecast, through convenience stores, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
16. Tobacco market estimates and forecast, through tobacco shops, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
17. Tobacco market estimates and forecast, through online, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
18. Tobacco market estimates and forecast, through others, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
19. Tobacco market: Regional movement analysis, 2025 & 2033 (%)
20. North America Tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
21. U.S. tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
22. Canada tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
23. Mexico tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
24. Europe tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
25. Germany tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
26. UK tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
27. France tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
28. Italy tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
29. Spain tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
30. Bulgaria tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
31. Scandinavia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
32. Asia Pacific tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
33. China tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
34. Japan tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
35. India tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
36. Indonesia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
37. Malaysia tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
38. Central & South America tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
39. Brazil tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
40. Middle East & Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
41. UAE tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
42. South Africa tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
43. Egypt tobacco market estimates and forecast, 2021 - 2033 (USD Billion)
44. Company market share analysis, 2025